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TOMATO
(Lycopersicon esculentum)
Tomato
is a tropical vegetable belonging to the family Solanaceae.
The ripe fruits are used as vegetable, salad, soup and
in the preparation of sauce, jam and ketchup. The fruit
is a rich source of vitamin A and C.
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Bacterial
wilt resistant varieties: Sakthi, Mukthi, Anagha
High yielding variety: Pusa Ruby
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Seed
rate: 400 g/ha
Raising seedlings
Tomato is a transplanted vegetable. Seeds are sown
in the nursery and one-month-old seedlings are transplanted
to the main field. For sowing the seeds, raised seed
beds of 90 to 100 cm width and of convenient length
are prepared to which well decomposed organic matter
has been incorporated. After sowing the seeds, mulch
with green leaves and irrigate with a rose-can daily
in the morning. Remove the mulch immediately after
germination of the seeds. Restrict irrigation one
week before transplanting and irrigate heavily on
the previous day of transplanting.
Time of planting
Transplant the seedlings during October-November for
an irrigated crop.
Land preparation and transplanting
Land is prepared to a fine tilth by thorough ploughing
or digging. Well rotten organic manure is incorporated
in the soil and seedlings are transplanted in shallow
trenches / pits / levelled lands. Transplanted seedlings
may be given temporary shade for three to four days
during hot days.
Spacing
Transplant the seedlings at 60 x 60 cm.
Stake the plants if necessary
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Irrigate
at two or three days interval.
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Apply well rotten farm yard manure / compost @ 20-25
t/ha at the time of land preparation and mix well
with the soil. A fertilizer dose of 75:40:25 kg N:P2O5:K2O
/ ha may be given. Half the dose of nitrogen, full
phosphorus and half of potash may be applied as basal
before transplanting. One fourth of nitrogen and half
of potash may be applied 20-30 days after planting.
The remaining quantity may be applied two months after
planting.
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Weeding
followed by fertilizer application and earthing up may
be done at one and two months after transplanting.
Tomato fruit borer attacks developing fruits forming
bore holes. Application of Sevin 50 per cent WP @ g/litre
of water is effective against this pest. The fields
and bunds should be kept weed free to minimize the attack
of Thrips.
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For avoiding damping off of the seedlings in the nursery,
sow the seeds as thin as possible in raised beds prepared
in the open area. Spray nursery and main field with
1% Bordeaux mixture at monthly intervals. Uproot and
destroy the plants affected by bacterial wilt and mosaic.
Cultivate resistant varieties like Sakthi, Mukthi and
Anagha in bacterial wilt prone areas.
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The
fruits are harvested at breaker stage( when ¼
of the surface shows ripening symptoms).
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15-30
tonnes/ha for local varieties.
60-80 tonnes/ha for F1 Hybrids.
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