|
Beverages and Stimulants
Tobacco
Tobacco
is generally raised as a cold weather crop, the optimum
temperature range being 18 to 27ºC. The crop prefers
well-drained fertile soil. Acidic soils are also suitable.
It is sensitive to waterlogging.
Top...
Top...
Season:
October-February
Seeds
and sowing
Raised nursery beds of 1 m width and of convenient length
should be prepared for raising seedlings. The beds should
be manured with well rotten FYM at the rate of 1 kg/m2.
About 75 g seeds sown over an area of 100 m2 will give
the required number of seedlings for planting one hectare.
Seeds may be mixed with fine sand or ash at the rate
of 1:15 by weight and broadcast. It is covered by raking
or by brushing. Watering may be done using rose-can.
It is desirable to apply 1 kg of ammonium sulphate per
100 m2 of nursery in liquid form and the application
is repeated at tri-weekly intervals. Seedlings will
be kept in the nursery for about 8-10 weeks. Pandal
may be provided for shade.
Main
field planting
Seedlings are transplanted on flat beds. The nursery
is irrigated well a day before planting to facilitate
easy pulling out of the seedlings. Seedlings are planted
10-15 cm deep in the main field at a spacing of 85 x
85 cm.
Topping
and de-suckering
Remove the terminal bud at the time of flowering. In
the case of chewing tobacco, the number of leaves to
be maintained varies from 8-15. Remove the suckers as
and when produced.
Manuring
Cattle
manure at the rate of 5-10 t/ha for cigarette tobacco
and 50-60 t/ha for hookah tobacco may be applied as
basal dose. Apply fertilizers (kg/ha) as shown below:
|
Tobacco
|
N
|
P2O5
|
K2O
|
|
Cigarette
tobacco
|
100
|
50
|
100
|
|
Cigar
tobacco
|
75
|
50
|
100
|
|
Beedi
tobacco
|
100
|
50
|
100
|
|
Cheroot
tobacco
|
50
|
50
|
100
|
|
Chewing
tobacco
|
75-100
|
50
|
100
|
Top...
Aftercultivation
The
first intercultivation may be done 12-15 days after
transplanting. Thereafter, three hoeings are to be given
at fortnightly intervals. Keep the field free of weeds.
Irrigate as and when necessary.
Top...
Stem
borer (Phthorimoea spp.)
1. Use healthy seedlings for planting.
2. Spray the nursery with carbaryl 0.2%
0.05%.
Tobacco
caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)
1. Destroy egg masses and groups of caterpillars found
on the leaves.
2. Prevent oviposition on nursery plants by covering
the beds at night with gunny sheets.
3. Spray carbaryl 0.2%.
Plant
lice (Myzus persicae)
Spray fenitrothion 0.05%.
Top...
Bacterial
wilt
1. Use resistant / tolerant varieties.
2. Rotate with resistant crops.
3. Do not let in irrigation water or drainage water
from infested fields.
4. Discard all seedlings from infested nursery.
Damping
off
1. Drench the nursery bed with cheshunt compound solution
3-4 days before sowing.
2. Spray the seedlings with mancozeb or zineb 0.3%.
Powdery
mildew
Spray oxythioquinox 0.05% or dust sulphur at 45 kg/ha.
Before dusting mix sulphur with sand or ash.
Top...
Harvesting
is done either by removing the mature leaves or by cutting
the stalk when maximum leaves are matured. The harvested
leaves are cured for the purpose for which the produce
is meant.
|
